Pseudoxanthoma elasticum in childhood in patient with ß-thalassaemia. / Pseudoxantoma elástico infantil en paciente con ß-talasemia.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by elastic tissue alterations and caused by mutations in a single gene, ABCC6, on chromosome 16p that includes manifestations that are predominantly cutaneous, ocular and cardiovascular. PXE-like lesions in association with ß-thalassemia have previously been reported in the literature in patients with ß-thalassaemia intermediate and major, being clinically indistinguishable from classic PXE. The case is presented of a 10-year-old boy with ß-thalassaemia minor and characteristic lesions of PXE. It is worth noting the benefit of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of the lesions.

Pseudoxantoma elástico: A propósito de un caso / Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: A case report

El pseudoxantoma elástico o síndrome de Gröenblad-Strandberg, es una rara enfermedad multisistémica hereditaria, que se caracteriza por la mineralización ectópica de los tejidos conectivos y se manifiesta clínicamente mediante: lesiones cutáneas, oftalmológicas y vasculares. Está producido por mutaciones en el gen ABCC6 localizado en el cromosoma 16p13.1, que se expresa primariamente en el hígado, los riñones y en niveles muy bajos en los tejidos afectados clínicamente. Se han descrito más de 600 mutaciones, siendo p.R1141X y del23-29 las dos más frecuentes. Actualmente, no existe un tratamiento específico para el pseudoxantoma elástico, por lo que el diagnóstico precoz, el control multidisciplinario y las modificaciones en el estilo de vida, son importantes para disminuir su morbimortalidad. En este trabajo se presenta un caso de pseudoxantoma elástico, con compromiso cutáneo y ocular y se realiza una revisión de la literatura.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, also known as Groënblad-Strandberg syndrome, is a rare multi-system heritable disorder characterized by ectopic mineralization of connective tissues with clinical manifestations in the skin, eyes and vascular system. It is caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene located in chromosome 16p13.1, which is expressed primarily in the liver and the kidney, and at very low level in tissues clinically affected. Over 600 distinct mutations have been identified so far, pR1141X and del23-29 are the most common ones. To date, there is no specific treatment for pseudoxanthoma elasticum, therefore early diagnosis, multidisciplinary control and lifestyle adjustments are very important to reduce its morbidity and mortality. A case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum in a patient with cutaneous and ocular involvement is presented along with a review of the available literature.

Elastosis perforante serpiginosa y pseudo-pseudoxantoma elástico secundarias y tratamiento con D- penicilamina en paciente con enfermedad de Wilson / Elastosis perforans serpiginosa and pseudo-pseudoxanthomaelasticum secondary to D-penicillamine in a patient with Wilson’s disease

La D-penicilamina es la opción terapéutica más utilizada en la enfermedad de Wilson, rara enfermedad genética, autosómica recesiva, en la cual existe una alteración en el metabolismo del cobre que se deposita en los tejidos (hígado, encéfalo y córnea). Presenta numerosos efectos adversos, la mayoría cutáneos, que se observan cuando la droga es utilizada en altas dosis y por largo tiempo; entre ellos se encuentran las dermatosis degenerativas, que incluyen elastosis perforante serpiginosa, cutis laxa, anetodermia y pseudo-pseudoxantoma elástico (también llamado pseudoxantoma elástico símil o pseudoxantoma elástico like). Se presenta una paciente de 29 años con antecedentes de enfermedad de Wilson asociada a elastosis perforante serpiginosa y pseudo-pseudoxantoma elástico, ambas secundarias al tratamiento con D-penicilamina.

Penicillamineis the most commonly used therapeutic option in Wilson's disease.This is a rare, genetic, autosomal recessive diseasein which there is an alteration inthe metabolism of copper that is deposited in the tissues (liver, brain and cornea).It has numerous adverse effects, most of them affecting skin, but they are onlyobserved when the drug is used in high doses and for a long time, such as perforatingelastosis serpiginosa, cutis laxa, anetodermia and pseudo-pseudoxantomaelasticum (also called elasticum pseudoxantoma simil or elasticum pseudoxantomalike). We present the case of a29 year-old woman with a history of Wilson's diseaseand two concomitant degenerative dermatoses: elastosis perforans serpiginosa andpseudo pseudoxanthoma elasticum, both of them, secondary to treatment with Dpenicillamine.

[Choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks: A familial case report]. / Neovascularización coroidea secundaria a estrías angioides: un caso familiar.

CASE REPORT: We report a familial case of 2 brothers that suffered choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to angioid streaks. They were both treated with a monthly intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (Lucentis(®)) for 3 months. Visual acuity was stabilized and fluorescein angiography revealed complete resolution of CNV. Neither recurrent CNV lesion nor new hemorrhages were reported during the follow-up period. DISCUSSION: The use of intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of CNV in patients with angioid streaks has shown favorable results. However, further studies with a longer follow-up and larger number of patients are necessary to more precisely determine the results of this therapy.

[Subretinal neovascular membrane in angioid streaks treated with intravitreal bevacizumab]. / Membrana neovascular subretiniana asociada a estrías angioides tratada con bevacizumab intravítreo.

INTRODUCTION: Angioid streaks are breaks in Bruch's membrane that may be associated, among others, with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Its most common complication is the development of subretinal neovascular membranes (SRNVM) and the decreased vision this entails. CASE REPORT: A 28 year old woman with angioid streaks and SRNVM in the left eye, who received 3 injections of intravitreal bevacizumab, with rapid improvement in vision and stability during 11 months follow up. The finding of angioid streaks led to the diagnosis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab should be considered as an effective treatment option for choroidal neovascularization associated with angioid streaks.

Pseudoxantoma elástico perfurante periumbilical e periareolar / Periumbilical and periareolar perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum

O pseudoxantoma elástico perfurante periumbilical (PEPP), ou elastose cálcica perfurante, é distúrbio raro e sua patogênese está associada a alteração da fibra elástica, tendo o trauma provável participação. Apresenta-se caso de paciente de 70 anos com quadro de máculas enegrecidas e pápulas encimadas por crostas na região periareolar e periumbilical há mais de dez anos. O exame histopatológico revelou fibras elásticas alteradas, repletas de cálcio, e formação de pertuito na derme com fibras elásticas degradadas no seu interior. O caso descrito corresponde ao PEPP, que nesta paciente também acomete área periareolar bilateralmente.

The periumbilical perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum or perforating calcific elastosis is a rare disorder and its pathogenesis is associated with the alteration of elastic fibers, which may probably result from trauma. We present the case of a 70-year-old woman with long-time blackish maculas and keratotic surface papules on the periareolar and periumbilical regions. The histopathological examination revealed altered elastic fibers, replete with calcium and formation of a path in the dermis with elastic fibers degraded in their interior, confirming the clinical diagnosis.

Alteraciones ecográficas genitourinarias en el pseudoxantoma eléstico / Genitourinary echography alterations in the pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Se presenta un paciente del sexo masculino, negro, de 13 años de edad, con diagnóstico de pseudoxantoma elástico. En el estudio ultrasonográfico renal y testicular se observaron imágenes ecorrefringentes en los riñones y testículos, que no emiten sombra acústica ni demuestran alteraciones de la función renal o del sedimento urinario. No se recogieron antecedentes familiares de lesiones cutáneas que hagan recordar la enfermedad. Estos hallazgos, tanto los renales como los testiculares, se han documentado en la literatura médica, por lo que estimamos que su divulgación es interesante, pues se ha planteado que forman parte del fenotipo de la enfermedad

This is the case of a black male sex patient aged 13 diagnosed with elastic. Renal and testicular ultrasonographic study showed echo-refractive images in testes and kidneys without neither acoustic shadow nor alterations of renal function or of the urinary sediment. There was not a family history of cutaneous lesions related with this entity. These renal and testicular findings have been documented in the medical literature, thus, authors recommended that its popularization is interesting since it has been proposed that they are part of the disease phenotype

Cervicoplastia na flacidez cutânea por síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos: relato de caso / Cervicoplasty in cutaneous laxity from Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case report

Introdução: A síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos é um distúrbio raro, caracterizado por anormalidades diversas na estrutura, síntese e secreção do colágeno, resultando em um quadro clínico variado, com alterações cutâneas, articulares e vasculares. Procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados nestes pacientes, muitas vezes, complicam com sangramentos de difícil controle, deiscência de suturas, friabilidade dos tecidos, hematomas recorrentes e dificuldade de cicatrização, com pobres resultados estéticos. Relato do caso: No presente relato, os autores apresentam um caso de cervicoplastia em paciente portadora da síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, evidenciando seus resultados.

Introduction: The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by multiples anomalies in collagen synthesis, structure and secretion, resulting in in numerous clinical manifestations such as cutaneous, articular and vascular abnormalities. Surgical procedures are often complicated by difficulty in control bleeding, wound dehiscence, tissue friability, recurrent hematomas and problems in wound healing, leading to poor aesthetic results. Case report: In the present report, the authors present a case of cervicoplasty in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, exposing their results.

Alteraciones ecográficas genitourinarias en el pseudoxantoma eléstico / Genitourinary echography alterations in the pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Se presenta un paciente del sexo masculino, negro, de 13 años de edad, con diagnóstico de pseudoxantoma elástico. En el estudio ultrasonográfico renal y testicular se observaron imágenes ecorrefringentes en los riñones y testículos, que no emiten sombra acústica ni demuestran alteraciones de la función renal o del sedimento urinario. No se recogieron antecedentes familiares de lesiones cutáneas que hagan recordar la enfermedad. Estos hallazgos, tanto los renales como los testiculares, se han documentado en la literatura médica, por lo que estimamos que su divulgación es interesante, pues se ha planteado que forman parte del fenotipo de la enfermedad (AU)

This is the case of a black male sex patient aged 13 diagnosed with elastic. Renal and testicular ultrasonographic study showed echo-refractive images in testes and kidneys without neither acoustic shadow nor alterations of renal function or of the urinary sediment. There was not a family history of cutaneous lesions related with this entity. These renal and testicular findings have been documented in the medical literature, thus, authors recommended that its popularization is interesting since it has been proposed that they are part of the disease phenotype (AU)

Pseudoxantoma elástico: presentación de un caso / Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: case presentation

Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina, de 23 años de edad que acudió a consulta de Dermatología de su área de salud por presentar lesiones cutáneas localizadas en el cuello, de 10 años de evolución y la cual 3 años antes notó nuevas lesiones en otras partes de su cuerpo ( axilas , región periumbilical, vaginal y rectal), dichas lesiones tienen el aspecto de piel de naranja, rodeadas de pápulas puntiformes amarillentas. Se llegó al diagnóstico de un pseudoxantoma elástico por la clínica, histopatología y campimetría. Se presenta el caso por ser una enfermedad poco frecuente, y por la importancia de la detección temprana de lesiones cutáneas de una enfermedad sistémica(AU)

The case of a female patient of 23 years of age is presented. The patient attended to the dermatology consultation in her health area for skin lesions in the neck area, of 10 years of evolution with new lesions after three years in different parts of her body (armpits, periumbilical, vaginal and rectal regions). These lesions present an aspect similar to orange skin, surrounded by yellow papules. the diagnosis was pseudoxanthomaelasticum after the clinical and histopathological analysis, and the perimetry. We present this case since this is an infrequent disease and for the importance of an early diagnosis of skin lesions in a systemic disease(AU)

Intravitreal bevacizumab in choroidal neovascularization secondary to Grõnblad-Strandberg syndrome: case report / Uso de bevacizumab intravítreo em neovascularização coroidiana secundária a síndrome de Grõnblad-Strandberg: relato de caso

Angioid streaks are commonly related to Grönblad-Strandberg syndrome, that often shows dermatological characteristics, such as pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Choroidal neovascularization is uncommon, often occurring after ocular trauma. This is a case report of the successful use of intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to Grönblad-Strandberg syndrome.

As estrias angióides estão comumente relacionadas à síndrome de Grönblad-Strandberg, que se caracteriza ainda pela presença de alterações dermatológicas caracterizadas pelo pseudoxantoma elástico. A presença de neovascularização coroidiana nesses pacientes é incomum, ocorrendo geralmente após trauma ocular. Relatamos um caso de tratamento bem sucedido de neovascularização coroidiana secundária à síndrome de Grönblad-Strandberg com bevacizumab.

Pseudoxantoma elástico con complicaciones tardías y asociaciones infrecuentes / Pseudoxanthoma elasticum with late complications and unusual associations

El pseudoxantoma elástico (PXE) es un trastorno hereditario poco común del tejido conectivo, que se caracteriza por lesiones cutáneas, oculares y cardiológicas originadas por fragmentación y calcificación de las fibras elásticas. La mayoría de casos se hereda con un patrón autosómico recesivo, y, en menos proporción, autosómico dominante. El propósito del presente reporte es dar a conocer un caso de pseudoxantoma elástico con complicaciones tardías y asociaciones infrecuentes, como son una ECV (enfermedad cerebro vascular) recidivante, abortos recurrentes, la presencia de un bocio multinodular unilateral derecho, fibromatosis uterina gigante no sintomática, hipertensión arterial, y un antecedente no bien clarificado con respecto a la presencia de diabetes mellitus.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is connective tissue's rare inherited disorder, characterized by skin, eye and cardiac lesions, originated by fragmentation and calcification of elastic fibers. Most cases are inherited with an autosomal recessive pattern, and in a little proportion, with an autosomal dominant pattern. This paper has the purpose of reporting a case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum with late complications and unusual associations, such as recidivated stroke, recurrent aborts, right multinodular unilateral goiter, giant uterine fibromatosis, arterial hypertension, and an unclear antecedent of diabetes mellitus.

Descubriendo el pseudoxantoma elástico / Discovering the elasticum pseudoxanthoma

Enfermedad hereditaria rara, el pseudoxantoma elástico es un trastorno genético del tejido conectivo, que se caracteriza por fragmentación de las fibras elásticas y posterior calcificación de éstas afectando dermis, vasos sanguíneos y la membrana de Bruch de retina. El patrón de herencia es muy variable, lo que hace posible que esta enfermedad pueda estar subdiagnosticada. La escasa incidencia de esta patología justifica la presentación de dos casos que tuvieron solamente manifestaciones cutáneas.

Hereditary disease does not frequent pseudoxanthoma elastic; is a genetic upheaval of the conective weave, that characterizes by fragmentation of elastic fibers and later calcification of these, affecting dermis, blood vessels and membrane of Bruch of retina. The inheritance pattern is very variable which causes that disease; can be subdiagnosed. The litlle incidence of this pathology, causes that in our professional experience we have been able to diagnose two cases in which the manifestations were cutaneous.